Wednesday, November 4, 2015

Drawing and composition


Chapter 1 questions (please use complete sentences,punctuationgrammar ect.)

What is the advantage of using an easel rather than a drawing table or board when drawing from life?
What part of the body should be used for drawing, especially in the initial stages?
What kind of lamp is best for illuminating your drawing surface?
What are the differences between vine charcoal and compressed charcoal?
Name three tools you can use to blend or remove charcoal.
What designation indicates the softness of a graphite pencil?
Why is it important to take a break every so often from your drawing session?

Chapter 2
What is the effect of including outlines around the shapes of objects you draw?
How can you create the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional drawing?
Which is darker, the lightest tone of the shadow area or the darkest tone in the light area?
What makes some parts of the shadow areas lighter than other parts?
What are the four basic shapes?
What should always be the first step in making a drawing?
How can you use the sighting method to determine the relative size of two objects?
What is negative space and why is it important?

Chapter 3
What is the best way to see values accurately?
What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?

Chapter 4
What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
What is the horizon line?
When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?

Chapter 5
What is the meaning of the term proportion?
What is the horizon plane?
How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?

Chapter 6
What is elliptical perspective?
What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?

Chapter 7 
Define foreground, middle ground, and background.
Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
Name the four basic shapes.
How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
How can you make a cone appear round?
What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?

Chapter 1 questions (please use complete sentences,punctuationgrammar ect.)

What is the advantage of using an easel rather than a drawing table or board when drawing from life?
What part of the body should be used for drawing, especially in the initial stages?
What kind of lamp is best for illuminating your drawing surface?
What are the differences between vine charcoal and compressed charcoal?
Name three tools you can use to blend or remove charcoal.
What designation indicates the softness of a graphite pencil?
Why is it important to take a break every so often from your drawing session?

Chapter 2
What is the effect of including outlines around the shapes of objects you draw?
How can you create the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional drawing?
Which is darker, the lightest tone of the shadow area or the darkest tone in the light area?
What makes some parts of the shadow areas lighter than other parts?
What are the four basic shapes?
What should always be the first step in making a drawing?
How can you use the sighting method to determine the relative size of two objects?
What is negative space and why is it important?

Chapter 3
What is the best way to see values accurately?
What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?

Chapter 4
What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
What is the horizon line?
When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?

Chapter 5
What is the meaning of the term proportion?
What is the horizon plane?
How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?

Chapter 6
What is elliptical perspective?
What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?

Chapter 7 
Define foreground, middle ground, and background.
Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
Name the four basic shapes.
How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
How can you make a cone appear round?
What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?

Chapter 8
Define composition in still-life drawing.
Name the three basic principles of composition described in this chapter.
Why is it important to place the objects in a still-life composition close together?
What is an implied line?
Name three ways to establish a particular object as the focal point of your drawing.
What is the first step in deciding whether a composition is visually balanced?
Name three aspects that help determine the visual weight of a drawn object.
Why is asymmetrical balance more visually pleasing than symmetrical balance?
What should you do to ensure that the complex objects you draw don’t turn out lopsided?

Chapter 9
Define drapery.
What is the function of drapery in a still-life composition?
Which of the basic shapes is created by hanging fabric that has not been creased?
Which of the basic shapes is created by creased fabric?
What is the recommended way to begin a drawing of a dark piece of drapery, after establishing the basic shape of the piece of fabric as a whole?
How can you tell if the texture of the fabric you’re looking at is reflective?
At what point in your drawing should you render any pattern in the fabric?

Chapter11
What is the first step in drawing an object made of glass or other transparent material?
What is the effect of the curvature of a glass surface on the appearance of objects seen from behind the glass?
In addition to being able to see the objects behind a glass object, what else can you see in a glass vessel such as a wineglass that you would not be able to see in a glass made of an opaque material such as metal?
How is the surface of glass like and unlike the surface of polished metal?
What should you do differently when you are drawing colored glass from when you are  drawing clear glass?
What is the effect of a clear liquid such as water on objects seen through it?
How is a nearly opaque liquid such as milk different from a clear liquid such as water?

Chapter 13
Which of the four basic shapes predominates in the human figure?
How many heads high is the average or ideal human figure when standing?
What is the midpoint of the average human figure when standing?
What are the two basic shapes found in the hands and feet?
What is foreshortening?
In addition to knowledge of the ideal proportions of the head, what techniques are used to capture an accurate likeness?
What tools can you use to frame your landscape picture in order to block out the areas you don’t want to draw? 
Why must you work quickly to block in shadow areas when working outdoors?

What is the effect of including richly detailed texture in an area of your drawing?

63 comments:

  1. What is the advantage of using an easel rather than a drawing table or board when drawing from life?
    What part of the body should be used for drawing, especially in the initial stages?
    What kind of lamp is best for illuminating your drawing surface?
    What are the differences between vine charcoal and compressed charcoal?
    Name three tools you can use to blend or remove charcoal.
    What designation indicates the softness of a graphite pencil?
    Why is it important to take a break every so often from your drawing session?

    Paper is on the same plane as the objects
    Whole arm
    Desk lamp
    Compressed comes in ranges of hardness
    Blending stump, kneaded eraser, paper towel
    B level
    Visualize the drawing from a different perspective

    Dylan Brewer

    ReplyDelete
  2. Chapter 1 Questions
    What is the advantage of using an easel rather than a drawing table or board when drawing from life?
    ~When you draw with an easel, the items you are drawing and where you are drawing are both on the same plane.
    What part of the body should be used for drawing, especially in the initial stages?
    ~You should start the drawing with your arm so you can properly measure the items and draw them correctly.
    What kind of lamp is best for illuminating your drawing surface?
    ~A gooseneck lamp or a lamp that you can move around when necessary would be the best so you can direct the angle of the light.
    What are the differences between vine charcoal and compressed charcoal?
    ~Vine charcoal come in thin sticks and are easy to blend and erase and you often use these for smaller shading areas. Compressed charcoal often come in thicker sticks and can be used to make broader lines.
    Name three tools you can use to blend or remove charcoal.
    ~You can use a kneaded eraser, paper stumps, and a chamois cloth to erase and/or blend charcoal.
    What designation indicates the softness of a graphite pencil?
    ~The numbers on the pencil tell you the softness of the pencil. Some examples are 2B/4B/6B - the higher the number, the softer the tones are going to be.
    Why is it important to take a break every so often from your drawing session?
    ~It is important so you don’t become exhausted and/or bored of the drawing. When you become bored, you don’t try as hard as you normally would and the result is the drawing is not living up to it’s full potential.

    ReplyDelete
  3. 1) They are on the same plane
    2) arm
    3) gooseneck lamp
    4) vine-comes in thin sticks and is easy to blend and erase. compressed-loose charcoal that has been pressed into a stick
    5) paper stump, kneaded eraser, chamois cloth
    6) number of the B
    7) to give your mind and eyes a rest

    ReplyDelete
  4. Chapter 1

    So that it is easier to see and your arms and hands will be in the right place to draw.

    Your arm will be because you are able to see it and there isn't to much to it.

    A lamp that is long with a spring, would be best to use for illuminating drawing surfaces.

    Vine charcoal is more easy to blend then compressed charcoal.

    Your hand, cloth, and paper stumps you can use to blend.

    The number B will help indicate the softness of a graphite pencil.

    So that you don't get too stressed out and your hand may get sore so it's good to take a break.

    ReplyDelete
  5. It creates 2 dimensional images
    Draw edges not outlines on objects
    The lightest of the dark
    Reflected light
    Circle, rectangle, triangle, cylinder
    Studying everything you see
    The space between the point of your drawing tool and your thumb lets you compare the size of a new object with that of the old subject
    Where there isn't any objects, awareness of negative space will make your drawing more accurate

    ReplyDelete
  6. Chapter 2
    It creates 2 dimensional images
    Draw edges not outlines on objects
    The lightest of the dark
    Reflected light
    Circle, rectangle, triangle, cylinder
    Studying everything you see
    The space between the point of your drawing tool and your thumb lets you compare the size of a new object with that of the old subject
    Where there isn't any objects, awareness of negative space will make your drawing more accurate

    ReplyDelete
  7. Chapter 1
    The drawing and the subject are on the same plane so you don't have to move very far to see the other.

    The arm for broad strokes in the beginning

    One with a long arm and spring so it can be pointed in different directions

    Vine comes in a long thin sticks and compressed is loose charcoal compressed into a stick. Compressed is soft.

    Kneaded eraser, paper stumps, chamois, fingers

    The number of the b on the pencil

    So your eyes, body, and mind can get fatigued and taking a break can help this not happen as bad.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Chapter 2 Questions
    What is the effect of including outlines around the shapes of objects you draw?
    ~You draw outlines to represent edges and define the shape of the objects/object you are drawing.
    How can you create the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional drawing?
    ~You have to add shadows and highlights to the object you are sketching in order to make the sketching pop out.
    Which is darker, the lightest tone of the shadow area or the darkest tone in the light area?
    ~The lightest tone of the shadow is darker
    What makes some parts of the shadow areas lighter than other parts?
    ~It depends on where the lights are being reflected from within the shadowed area
    What are the four basic shapes?
    ~The four basic shapes in a sketch are the spheres, cylinders, cones and cubes.
    What should always be the first step in making a drawing?
    ~You should always draw the basic shaped first and as you get farther into the drawing, add more and more details until you have the item you were wanting to draw in the first place.
    How can you use the sighting method to determine the relative size of two objects?
    ~You use the pencil to get the angles and the size of the objects to be more accurate than rough sketching it
    What is negative space and why is it important?
    ~Negative space is the space between objects in your drawing and it’s important to recognize it so your drawing is accurate in all aspects - including the spacing between all of the objects.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Chapter 3
    What is the best way to see values accurately?
    ~You have to squint while looking at the object that you are drawing
    What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
    ~The local color is the actual color of the object. An example is that green is the local color of a lime.
    What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
    ~You should give all of the objects with a darker local value a flat tone at first to separate the shades of colors.
    Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
    ~It will start to create the value structure for the entire sketch. It will also eliminate working with large white areas of paper
    How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
    ~No matter what angle you look at a sphere, it will always have the same shape, just different shading.
    Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
    ~Start by drawing your circle lightly and then go over the outline a few times until it gets closer to looking like a circle instead of an oval
    What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
    ~The center part of the sphere is the closest to the viewer’s eye
    What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?
    ~The shadow shape is called an ellipse; where the height and angle of the light source determines what the shadow will look like.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Squint while looking at the subject
    The actual color of an object. Ex: local color of apple is red
    Establishing a flat tone for each object that has a dark local value.
    Creates value structure for the entire drawing, and eliminates working with large areas of white paper
    The only shape that is not affected by eye level
    Begin drawing a circle lightly, and then refine your initial shape, going over the outline a couple of times until you get a shape that is round rather than oval.
    Center of sphere
    Its gradated, not flat

    ReplyDelete
  11. Squint while looking at the subject
    The actual color of an object. Ex: local color of apple is red
    Establishing a flat tone for each object that has a dark local value.
    Creates value structure for the entire drawing, and eliminates working with large areas of white paper
    The only shape that is not affected by eye level
    Begin drawing a circle lightly, and then refine your initial shape, going over the outline a couple of times until you get a shape that is round rather than oval.
    Center of sphere
    Its gradated, not flat

    ReplyDelete
  12. Sketching
    Erase sketch lines
    Lightest tone of the shadow
    Reflected light
    Sphere, cube, cylinder, and cone
    Study the objects
    “Pencil measure” spacing and size of objects in relation to each other
    Will add depth to the drawing

    ReplyDelete
  13. Chapter 2

    What is the effect of including outlines around the shapes of objects you draw?
    -Use an outline to help the edges and define the shape of your objects.
    How can you create the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional drawing?
    -Shading
    Which is darker, the lightest tone of the shadow area or the darkest tone in the light area?
    -Lightest tone of the shadow area
    What makes some parts of the shadow areas lighter than other parts?
    -Reflected Light
    What are the four basic shapes?
    -Sphere, Cube, Cylinder, cone
    What should always be the first step in making a drawing?
    -Studying your subject, What object or objects you are drawing?
    How can you use the sighting method to determine the relative size of two objects?
    -Having your arm and body the same distance away from the two objects and sighting each
    What is negative space and why is it important?
    -The rest of the space in a drawing that's not a object. Negative space will make your object look more accurate

    ReplyDelete
  14. Chapter 2
    What is the effect of including outlines around the shapes of objects you draw?
    How can you create the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional drawing?
    Which is darker, the lightest tone of the shadow area or the darkest tone in the light area?
    What makes some parts of the shadow areas lighter than other parts?
    What are the four basic shapes?
    What should always be the first step in making a drawing?
    How can you use the sighting method to determine the relative size of two objects?
    What is negative space and why is it important?

    Sketching
    Erase sketch lines
    Lightest tone of the shadow
    Reflected light
    Sphere, cube, cylinder, and cone
    Study the objects
    “Pencil measure” spacing and size of objects in relation to each other
    Will add depth to the drawing

    ReplyDelete
  15. Chapter 3
    What is the best way to see values accurately?
    What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
    What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
    Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
    How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
    Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
    What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
    What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?

    Compare to other values
    Actual color of an object
    Start with darkest objects
    Feel of light and darkness, cast shadows
    The shading is gradual
    Start lightly and refine the shape
    The center
    eclipse

    ReplyDelete
  16. Chapter 4
    What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
    What is the horizon line?
    When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
    What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
    What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
    How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?

    Converging receding horizontal lines and nearby objects appear larger
    When horizontal lines appear to converge
    When it’s above or below the horizon line
    When a cube is at an angle
    The number of vanishing points
    Determine if you see more of one side or another by comparison
    Plumb lines
    Draw it in two point perspective at eye level to give off the effect as if it’s coming straight at the viewer

    ReplyDelete
  17. parallel lines appear to converge and recede to the horizon line and nearby objects appear larger than objects that are farther away.
    The line that corresponds to the artists eye level
    When the cube is on a flat surface and is seen at only one angle
    When you see the cube at an angle and see more sides of the cube than one \
    one point perspective is used when you look at an object, straight on rather than from an angle. Two point perspective is when you see the object from an angle
    to determine the angles of the horizontal sides of the cube by extending your arm and aligning your drawing instrument along the edge from the front to the back corner
    The farther above the cube your eye level is, more of the top of the cube you will see
    if you look closely to a cube you can see the reflected light in the shadow areas, that increases the contrast between the light area on the top and the shadow area on the side, further defining the edges to make them look sharp and giving volume to the cube. The frontmost corner of the lefthanded cube, which is the closest to the viewers eyes, it comes forward because of the contrast in values as well as perspective

    ReplyDelete
  18. Chapter 4 Questions

    What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
    ~Two effects are how you see parallel lines converging the “farther” it gets away from you and spatial depth in drawings
    What is the horizon line?
    ~The horizon line is the line going from side to side in the background of the drawing
    When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    ~When you are facing a cubed object straight on and not from an angle
    When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    ~You should draw using a two-point perspective when drawing a cube from an angle
    What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
    ~The difference is that from the one-point, it is drawn from when facing the cube and the two point is from when drawing at an angle
    What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
    ~You have to make sure that all the lines will eventually meet at the same vanishing point
    What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
    ~Measure the top plane for comparison to the front plane for proportion
    How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?
    ~You have to contrast the tones; make the dark and light contrast greatly

    ReplyDelete
  19. Chapter 5

    What is the meaning of the term proportion?
    ~The differences in size among the height, width, and depth
    What is the horizon plane?
    ~It is the space that extends from your feet to your eye level in the distance
    How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
    ~It helps the drawing look more realistic; making the shapes more realistic in how far away they look
    How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
    ~Similar: You have to make sure that the edges look like they are coming towards the artist
    ~Different: Rectangle is longer on two sides so you have to make sure to make it look rectangular and not a cubic shape
    How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
    ~Like a square, you have to shade one side lighter than the other to make the edges pop out towards the artist
    How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?
    ~You have to make a dark line under the rectangular object and have it blend into the cast shadow behind it

    ReplyDelete
  20. Chapter 5
    What is the meaning of the term proportion?
    What is the horizon plane?
    How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
    How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
    How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
    How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?

    How big something appears to be compared to something else
    Eye level of the drawing
    Makes all the objects look as if they are part of the same environment
    Same basic shape, in a cube depending on the angle the sides will be different shapes
    Different tones will have different sides
    Add a shadow

    ReplyDelete
  21. chapter 5

    the difference in size among the height, width, and depth

    it extends outward from your feet to your eye level in the distance

    it establishes a single point from which the objects are being viewed

    rectangular - with a sphere or a cube you begin by drawing the basic shape in this case a rectangular one - a rectangle like a cube has six sides

    cast shadows and highlights?

    drawing a dark line helps make the rectangular object sit firmly on the surface

    ReplyDelete
  22. Chapter 6
    What is elliptical perspective?
    What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
    What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?

    Depending on your view the circle becomes an ellipse
    You don't draw it/ straight line
    The long part will always be the same shape the only part that changes is the top and bottom
    The top and bottom change based on perspective
    The ellipses and sides will be narrower
    Understand ellipse and linear perspective
    Narrower and larger ellipse

    ReplyDelete

  23. 6-
    1 - the way the shape of the circle changes as your eye level
    2 - a horizontal line
    3 - The top and bottom of a cylinder are spheres.
    4 - A cylinder has similar sides to a cube.
    5 - Linear perspective makes the dies appear to converge toward your eye level.
    6 - Draw guide lines.
    7 - The degrees correspond to the distance each ellipse is from zero or when viewed at a straight line at eye level to 100, which is a full circle.

    7 -
    1- Foreground- the area that is close to you, Background- the area that is farthest away, Middleground- in between
    2- Size, placement, overlapping, and value contrast
    3- The object appears to be farther away
    4- Greater range of values
    5- Cube, sphere, cylinder, cone
    6- begin by drawing a vertical center line guide
    7- Determine where your eye level is; eye level far above base of cone will appear rounder
    8- Start with a center line guide


    ReplyDelete
  24. Chapter 7
    Define foreground, middle ground, and background.
    Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
    What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
    Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
    Name the four basic shapes.
    How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
    How can you make a cone appear round?
    What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?

    The foreground of a composition is the visual plane that appears closest to the viewer, while the background is the plane in a composition perceived furthest from the viewer. The middleground is the visual plane located between both the foreground and background. The scale of these components often correlates to the dominance in an image
    Linear perspective, overlapping, size, and detail
    Make the object look closer or further from the viewer
    An object with higher range of values
    circle , square, triangle, rectangle
    Draw a circle and use a plumb line from the center straight up and connect the sides of the circle with the middle line
    Shade it as you would a cylinder
    Determined the size of the ellipse and then make crosshairs to establish where the sides and point of the cone are at.

    ReplyDelete
  25. 8
    1 - is simply the overall arrangement and orientation of the visual elements of your drawing on its two dimensional surface
    2 - unity - the viewer must see the whole first and then all the parts
    Focal point - to catch your viewer's eye from the very beginning
    Visual balance - if your drew an imaginary vertical line down the middle of your drawing to divide it in half, you see something interesting on both sides.
    3 - its pleasing to the eye
    4 - it's similar to a dotted line, the dark and light accents establish a sort of broken visual bath known as the implied line
    5 - contrast, visual balance, and symmetrical and asymmetrical balance and visual weight
    6 - if you drew an imaginary line vertical line down the middle of your drawing to divide it in half, and you saw something interesting on both sides
    7 - the size, range of values, amount of detail, and placement
    8 - in symmetrical balance the objects are arranged so that the imaginary vertical dividing line creates a mirror image with the same arrangement on the other side. In asymmetrical balance has the bull's eye effect in the center, it's predictable and visually static
    9 - draw a central guideline

    9
    1 - the artistic arrangement of fabric or clothing has been used as a still life matter for centuries
    2 - the folds in a piece of fabric create movement that guides the viewer's eyes through the drawing
    3 - conical in shape
    4 - a cone
    5 - visualizing the drapery as a whole, as one shape, and transferring that shape to the paper
    6 - distinctive patterns of light and shadow areas
    7 - to give a fold with a stripe pattern its volume

    ReplyDelete
  26. What is elliptical perspective?
    ~The way the shape you draw changes as your eye level changes
    What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
    ~The appearance looks like a straight line
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
    ~You have to make sure that the ends are round and even with eachother
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
    ~You have to draw the sides parallel and evenly matched as much as possible
    What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    ~How much of the cylinder you see, how long the sides look and how much of the shape you will need to draw
    What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    ~Measure the side lengths, draw the ends and edit when need be
    What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?
    ~They get shorter or longer depending on the angle you are drawing it from

    ReplyDelete
  27. Define foreground, middle ground, and background.
    ~Foreground: area that is close to you / Middle ground: Area in between the foreground and background / Background: area that is farthest away
    Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
    ~Size, Placement, Overlapping objects and Value contrast
    What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
    ~It makes the object look farther away even if it is larger
    Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
    ~Object with a closer range of values
    Name the four basic shapes.
    ~Sphere, cone, rectangle and square
    How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
    ~Draw a vertical line from the tip to the middle of the base, make light marks for the edges and tips of the cone
    How can you make a cone appear round?
    ~Draw a horizontal plumb line and draw the ellipse, edit as necessary
    What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?
    ~Measure proportions of the length of the sides in relation to the width then make marks for the tips and sides, draw the lines and edit as necessary

    ReplyDelete
  28. 10-
    1- objects with highly polished surfaces such as metal, reflect the objects that surround them
    2- the characteristics that create the illusion of a highly reflective surface is that the reflections have distinct, sharp edges
    3- because the surface of the pot is like the reflections are disordered like the reflection in a funhouse mirror
    The degree of distortion depends on the correlative of the surface.
    4- so you can see how the shapes on the surface of the pot make sense when you see what they are reflections of.
    5 -flare
    6-that it looks labored and loses its effervescence and it is hard to remove the unsuccessful flare
    7- reflective light is darker than direct light

    ReplyDelete
  29. Chapter 4
    What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
    -Your eye level and horizontal lines
    What is the horizon line?
    -It is parallel lines
    When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    -View a cube straight on then a angle
    When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    -When you see a cubic object from a angle
    What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
    -One pint horizontales lines appear at a converge at one point on the horizon line
    What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
    -The linear perspective, you can draw a cube accurately using observations and sighting techniques.
    What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
    -Knowing the height
    How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?
    -Move closer

    ReplyDelete
  30. Chapter 5
    What is the meaning of the term proportion?
    -A part considered in comparative relation to a whole
    What is the horizon plane?
    -A line or a circle that forms the apparent boundary earth and sky
    How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
    -Every object in a drawing must sit on the same horizon plane.
    How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
    -Variation of a cube
    How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
    -It shows the angles and is actually 3D.
    How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?
    -You can give it sharp edges.

    ReplyDelete
  31. Chapter 6
    What is elliptical perspective?
    -The optical illusions by an eclipse, like a circle, seems to narrow as it comes closer to the eye level and to widen as it gets farther away.
    What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
    -Horizontal line
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
    -The top and the bottom of a cylinder are spheres.
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
    -A cylinder has similar sides to a cube
    What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    -Makes the dies appear to converge toward your eye level
    What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    -Draw guide lines
    What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?
    -The degrees correspond to the distance each ellipse is from zero or when viewed at a straight line at eye level.

    ReplyDelete
  32. 1- Foreground- the area that is close to you, Background- the area that is farthest away, Middleground- in between
    2- Size, placement, overlapping, and value contrast
    3- The object appears to be farther away
    4- Greater range of values
    5- Cube, sphere, cylinder, cone
    6- begin by drawing a vertical center line guide
    7- Determine where your eye level is; eye level far above base of cone will appear rounder
    8- Start with a center line guide

    ReplyDelete

  33. 6-
    1 - the way the shape of the circle changes as your eye level
    2 - a horizontal line
    3 - The top and bottom of a cylinder are spheres.
    4 - A cylinder has similar sides to a cube.
    5 - Linear perspective makes the dies appear to converge toward your eye level.
    6 - Draw guide lines.
    7 - The degrees correspond to the distance each ellipse is from zero or when viewed at a straight line at eye level to 100, which is a full circle.

    ReplyDelete
  34. 8
    1 - is simply the overall arrangement and orientation of the visual elements of your drawing on its two dimensional surface
    2 - unity - the viewer must see the whole first and then all the parts
    Focal point - to catch your viewer's eye from the very beginning
    Visual balance - if your drew an imaginary vertical line down the middle of your drawing to divide it in half, you see something interesting on both sides.
    3 - its pleasing to the eye
    4 - it's similar to a dotted line, the dark and light accents establish a sort of broken visual bath known as the implied line
    5 - contrast, visual balance, and symmetrical and asymmetrical balance and visual weight
    6 - if you drew an imaginary line vertical line down the middle of your drawing to divide it in half, and you saw something interesting on both sides
    7 - the size, range of values, amount of detail, and placement
    8 - in symmetrical balance the objects are arranged so that the imaginary vertical dividing line creates a mirror image with the same arrangement on the other side. In asymmetrical balance has the bull's eye effect in the center, it's predictable and visually static
    9 - draw a central guideline

    9
    1 - the artistic arrangement of fabric or clothing has been used as a still life matter for centuries
    2 - the folds in a piece of fabric create movement that guides the viewer's eyes through the drawing
    3 - conical in shape
    4 - a cone
    5 - visualizing the drapery as a whole, as one shape, and transferring that shape to the paper
    6 - distinctive patterns of light and shadow areas
    7 - to give a fold with a stripe pattern its volume

    ReplyDelete
  35. 10-
    1- objects with highly polished surfaces such as metal, reflect the objects that surround them
    2- the characteristics that create the illusion of a highly reflective surface is that the reflections have distinct, sharp edges
    3- because the surface of the pot is like the reflections are disordered like the reflection in a funhouse mirror
    The degree of distortion depends on the correlative of the surface.
    4- so you can see how the shapes on the surface of the pot make sense when you see what they are reflections of.
    5 -flare
    6-that it looks labored and loses its effervescence and it is hard to remove the unsuccessful flare
    7- reflective light is darker than direct light

    11-
    1- you begin by drawing its shape by breaking it down into basic shapes
    2- The objects get distorted by the curved glass. The distortion is greatest at the edges, where the curve is the greatest.
    3- You can see the reflection of other objects nearby due to the curved glass
    4- Both surfaces reflect light, however, polished metal reflects more light, and glass picks up nearby objects in reflections.
    5- You need to render the value of the local color
    6- Water can both magnify and distort the image
    7- It behaves more like a solid object because light does not penetrate it very well unlike clear water

    ReplyDelete
  36. 11-
    1- you begin by drawing its shape by breaking it down into basic shapes
    2- The objects get distorted by the curved glass. The distortion is greatest at the edges, where the curve is the greatest.
    3- You can see the reflection of other objects nearby due to the curved glass
    4- Both surfaces reflect light, however, polished metal reflects more light, and glass picks up nearby objects in reflections.
    5- You need to render the value of the local color
    6- Water can both magnify and distort the image
    7- It behaves more like a solid object because light does not penetrate it very well unlike clear water

    ReplyDelete
  37. 12-
    1- dry goes on to the paper dry, and wet medium goes on wet
    2- charcoal and pencil. Liquid or semi liquid form.
    3 - rough texture on charcoal paper
    4 - begin with light pencil lines
    5- with pastel paper, is available in a wide variety of tones, from light grays through black. With toned paper the value of the paper is no longer value
    6 - conte crayon is french chalk that are mixed with clay and water, pressed into sticks. Charcoal is consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water
    7 - hot press paper and plate finish
    8- watercolor paper

    and

    13
    1 - cylindrical shapes, spheres, cones, modified spheres, modified cylinders
    2- 8 heads high
    3- the crotch
    4 - rectangular and cylinders
    5 - its perspective, but when applied to a human figure its called foreshortening
    6 - draw what you see, not what you should be seeing, the more extreme the angle at which you view the figure the more pronounced the foreshortening will be, making an accurate line
    7 - use a framing device, take a 6x9 inch piece of white cardboard and cut a rectangular hole out of it
    8 - because the sun is moving, so you have to work quickly.
    9 - if you see texture in an object gives it detrail and therefore draws the eye toward it, the further away the object is, the less detail you need,

    ReplyDelete
  38. 12-
    1- dry goes on to the paper dry, and wet medium goes on wet
    2- charcoal and pencil. Liquid or semi liquid form.
    3 - rough texture on charcoal paper
    4 - begin with light pencil lines
    5- with pastel paper, is available in a wide variety of tones, from light grays through black. With toned paper the value of the paper is no longer value
    6 - conte crayon is french chalk that are mixed with clay and water, pressed into sticks. Charcoal is consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water
    7 - hot press paper and plate finish
    8- watercolor paper



    13
    1 - cylindrical shapes, spheres, cones, modified spheres, modified cylinders
    2- 8 heads high
    3- the crotch
    4 - rectangular and cylinders
    5 - its perspective, but when applied to a human figure its called foreshortening
    6 - draw what you see, not what you should be seeing, the more extreme the angle at which you view the figure the more pronounced the foreshortening will be, making an accurate line
    7 - use a framing device, take a 6x9 inch piece of white cardboard and cut a rectangular hole out of it
    8 - because the sun is moving, so you have to work quickly.
    9 - if you see texture in an object gives it detrail and therefore draws the eye toward it, the further away the object is, the less detail you need,

    ReplyDelete
  39. Chapter 7
    Define foreground, middleground, and background.
    The view that nearest to the observer -The middle distance of a photograph -The scenery behind the main object
    Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
    -Size -Color and Value -Detail -Overlapping
    What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
    -It appears further away, which is closer
    Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
    -A object with greater.
    Name the four basic shapes.
    -Square -Triangle -Rectangle -Circle
    How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
    -It will depend on how you do the illusion
    How can you make a cone appear round?
    -You need to have the edge at a certain degree
    What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?
    By measuring the sides

    ReplyDelete

  40. 5
    1) The differences in size among the height, width, and depth of an object
    2) a line that is created by eye level that extends outward from your feet to your eye level in the distance.
    3) It establishes a single point from which the objects are being viewed.
    4) A rectangle has six sides like a cube, but there is an infinite amount of variations in the proportions of a rectangular shape.
    5) The more contrast there is between the shading values of the sides the sharper the edge looks
    6) Drawing a thin, dark line under the front plane

    ReplyDelete
  41. Chapter 3
    What is the best way to see values accurately?
    ~You have to squint while looking at the object that you are drawing
    What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
    ~The local color is the actual color of the object. An example is that green is the local color of a lime.
    What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
    ~You should give all of the objects with a darker local value a flat tone at first to separate the shades of colors.
    Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
    ~It will start to create the value structure for the entire sketch. It will also eliminate working with large white areas of paper
    How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
    ~No matter what angle you look at a sphere, it will always have the same shape, just different shading.
    Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
    ~Start by drawing your circle lightly and then go over the outline a few times until it gets closer to looking like a circle instead of an oval
    What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
    ~The center part of the sphere is the closest to the viewer’s eye
    What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?
    ~The shadow shape is called an ellipse; where the height and angle of the light source determines what the shadow will look like.

    ReplyDelete
  42. Chapter 4 Questions

    What are two effects of linear perspective that are important in drawing?
    ~Two effects are how you see parallel lines converging the “farther” it gets away from you and spatial depth in drawings
    What is the horizon line?
    ~The horizon line is the line going from side to side in the background of the drawing
    When should you use one-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    ~When you are facing a cubed object straight on and not from an angle
    When should you use two-point perspective in drawing a cube?
    ~You should draw using a two-point perspective when drawing a cube from an angle
    What is the difference between one-point and two-point perspective?
    ~The difference is that from the one-point, it is drawn from when facing the cube and the two point is from when drawing at an angle
    What is the best way to determine the angles of the horizontal lines when drawing a cube in perspective?
    ~You have to make sure that all the lines will eventually meet at the same vanishing point
    What is a good way to check the shape of the top of a cube drawn in perspective?
    ~Measure the top plane for comparison to the front plane for proportion
    How can you make the edges of a cube appear to come forward toward the viewer?
    ~You have to contrast the tones; make the dark and light contrast greatly

    ReplyDelete
  43. Chapter 5

    What is the meaning of the term proportion?
    ~The differences in size among the height, width, and depth
    What is the horizon plane?
    ~It is the space that extends from your feet to your eye level in the distance
    How does the horizon plane help to unify your drawing?
    ~It helps the drawing look more realistic; making the shapes more realistic in how far away they look
    How is a rectangular object similar to and different from a cubic object?
    ~Similar: You have to make sure that the edges look like they are coming towards the artist
    ~Different: Rectangle is longer on two sides so you have to make sure to make it look rectangular and not a cubic shape
    How is shading used to define the squareness of a rectangular object’s edges?
    ~Like a square, you have to shade one side lighter than the other to make the edges pop out towards the artist
    How can you make a cubic or rectangular object appear to sit firmly on its surface?
    ~You have to make a dark line under the rectangular object and have it blend into the cast shadow behind it

    ReplyDelete
  44. What is elliptical perspective?
    ~The way the shape you draw changes as your eye level changes
    What is the appearance of a circle, such as the end of a cylinder, when it is seen from exactly eye level?
    ~The appearance looks like a straight line
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a sphere?
    ~You have to make sure that the ends are
    How is drawing a cylinder similar to drawing a cube?
    ~You have to draw the sides parallel and evenly matched as much as possible
    What effect does linear perspective have on a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    ~How much of the cylinder you see, how long the sides look and how much of the shape you will need to draw
    What is the first step in drawing a cylinder lying on its side at an angle?
    ~Measure the side lengths, draw the ends and edit when need be
    What happens to the ellipses of a cylinder that is lying on its side at an angle?
    ~They get shorter or longer depending on the angle you are drawing it from

    ReplyDelete
  45. Define foreground, middle ground, and background.
    ~Foreground: area that is close to you / Middle ground: Area in between the foreground and background / Background: area that is farthest away
    Name the four techniques you can use to create the illusion of space.
    ~Size, Placement, Overlapping objects and Value contrast
    What is the effect of placing an object higher on the picture plane, closer to your eye level?
    ~It makes the object look farther away even if it is larger
    Which appears closer: an object with a greater range of values or an object with a smaller range of values?
    ~Object with a closer range of values
    Name the four basic shapes.
    ~Sphere, cone, rectangle and square
    How can you keep the cones you draw from becoming lopsided?
    ~Draw a vertical line from the tip to the middle of the base, make light marks for the edges and tips of the cone
    How can you make a cone appear round?
    ~Draw a horizontal plumb line and draw the ellipse, edit as necessary
    What can you do to help you draw accurately the ellipse at the base of a cone that’s lying on its side?
    ~Measure proportions of the length of the sides in relation to the width then make marks for the tips and sides, draw the lines and edit as necessary

    ReplyDelete
  46. Define composition in still-life drawing.
    ~Overall arrangement and organization of the visual elements of your drawing on a 2 dimensional surface
    Name the three basic principles of composition described in this chapter.
    ~Unity, Visual Balance, Focal Point,
    Why is it important to place the objects in a still-life composition close together?
    ~The human brain likes to gather information in groupings because the information is easier to process that way so it’s more visually pleasing
    What is an implied line?
    ~Dark and light accents that establish a sort of “path” by the objects in the sketching
    Name three ways to establish a particular object as the focal point of your drawing.
    ~Contrast it from the other objects, Draw it in greater detail and the placement of the item
    What is the first step in deciding whether a composition is visually balanced?
    ~Is your eye drawn to a specific area or do you look over the entire thing to see everything
    Name three aspects that help determine the visual weight of a drawn object.
    ~Size, value ranges and amount of detail
    Why is asymmetrical balance more visually pleasing than symmetrical balance?
    ~The items are arranged differently on each side so it’s more visually pleasing
    What should you do to ensure that the complex objects you draw don’t turn out lopsided?
    ~You have to make the sides as even as possible and edit it later when and if you see any differences

    ReplyDelete
  47. Define drapery.
    ~Artistic arrangement of fabric or clothing
    What is the function of drapery in a still-life composition?
    ~It helps guide the viewer’s eyes around the entire picture
    Which of the basic shapes is created by hanging fabric that has not been creased?
    ~A rounded edge
    Which of the basic shapes is created by creased fabric?
    ~A sharp edge
    What is the recommended way to begin a drawing of a dark piece of drapery, after establishing the basic shape of the piece of fabric as a whole?
    ~Squint to see the basic shapes of the fabric and then block in where the shadows are
    How can you tell if the texture of the fabric you’re looking at is reflective?
    ~The light and dark tones have very sharp contrasts and very well defined edges
    At what point in your drawing should you render any pattern in the fabric?
    ~Towards the end

    ReplyDelete
  48. What is the difference in appearance between the reflections of surrounding objects in highly polished and less reflective surfaces?
    ~Highly polished reflects the details of the surrounding objects while duller objects ten to just be darker where the objects are around it.
    What is the difference between the way light reacts when it hits a polished surface and when it hits a dull surface?
    ~Polished surface tends to reflect the light, almost like there is nothing on it while a dull surface absorbs the light more than it reflects it
    What happens to the reflections of objects on a curved surface?
    ~In a convex curve, it elongates and thins the object out
    What is the point of looking at the actual objects that are being reflected in a shiny surface as well as at the reflections?
    ~Knowing where the objects are can help you draw the picture faster and in a much simpler way
    What is the name for the starburst effect in the highlights of reflective surfaces?
    ~Flare
    What is the greatest concern in drawing such a starburst?
    ~It’s difficult to remove once made
    Why must the values in the reflections you draw always be darker than the highlights of the reflective object?
    ~They need to be darker as to be able to differentiate between the objects and the object that they are being drawn reflected in

    ReplyDelete
  49. What is the first step in drawing an object made of glass or other transparent material?
    ~Draw its shape, as if it was a solid object
    What is the effect of the curvature of a glass surface on the appearance of objects seen from behind the glass?
    ~It will distort the image
    In addition to being able to see the objects behind a glass object, what else can you see in a glass vessel such as a wineglass that you would not be able to see in a glass made of an opaque material such as metal?
    ~You can see reflections
    How is the surface of glass like and unlike the surface of polished metal?
    ~Glass reflects light like polished metal but it’s not as reflective
    What should you do differently when you are drawing colored glass from when you are drawing clear glass?
    ~Lay down a light undertone but leave where the highlights are going to be white
    What is the effect of a clear liquid such as water on objects seen through it?
    ~Distorts and magnifies what is seen
    How is a nearly opaque liquid such as milk different from a clear liquid such as water?
    ~Opaque behaves more like a solid object and you can’t see through it

    ReplyDelete
  50. What is the difference between a dry medium and a wet medium
    ~Dry media goes on the paper dry while wet media is a liquid or semiliquid form drawn on the paper
    Name two dry media and one wet medium
    ~Dry: Charcoal and pencil / Wet: Ink
    Define “tooth” in reference to drawing papers
    ~The rougher then paper is, then the more “tooth” it has
    What is a good technique for beginning a drawing in a medium that is difficult or impossible to erase such as Conte crayon or ink?
    ~Begin drawing with light pencil lines, sketch in the basic shapes and then give them their form. Next block in the background and the shadowed areas.
    What is the main difference between drawing in charcoal on toned paper and on white paper?
    ~On white paper it appears dark quite easily but toned paper is already kind of dark so it doesn’t appear quite as dark
    Name two differences between Conte crayon and charcoal
    ~Comes in 4 colors while charcoal is just one & Difficult to erase while charcoal isn’t as difficult
    What is the name of the kind of smooth textured paper that is best for pen and ink drawing?
    ~Plate finish
    What kind of paper is best for drawing in which you intend to use ink washes?
    ~Hot press paper

    ReplyDelete
  51. Which of the four basic shapes predominates in the human figure?
    ~Cylindrical shapes
    How many heads high is the average or ideal human figure when standing?
    ~About 8 heads high
    What is the midpoint of the average human figure when standing?
    ~The crotch
    What are the two basic shapes found in the hands and feet?
    ~Cube and cylinders
    What is foreshortening?
    ~How close an object appears to you
    In addition to knowledge of the ideal proportions of the head, what techniques are used to capture an accurate likeness?
    ~Measure to where the feet are, upper torso is about 2 heads high, pelvis is 1 head high, fingers reach to mid thigh, elbow is at about the waist, foot is as long as the forearm.
    What tools can you use to frame your landscape picture in order to block out the areas you don’t want to draw?
    ~6 x 9 white card and cut a rectangular hole in the middle, using same proportion as drawing pad or use your hands to frame it
    Why must you work quickly to block in shadow areas when working outdoors?
    ~The sun is constantly moving so the shadows will change
    What is the effect of including richly detailed texture in an area of your drawing?
    ~Draws the viewer’s eyes to the object right away

    ReplyDelete
  52. Chapter 8
    Define composition in still-life drawing.
    -Is the placement or arrangement of visual elements
    Name the three basic principles of composition described in this chapter.
    -balance
    -contrast
    -movement
    Why is it important to place the objects in a still-life composition close together?
    -To make sure none are left out.
    What is an implied line?
    -Both the edges of the object and the negative space between them, such as the space between the rungs of a ladder
    Name three ways to establish a particular object as the focal point of your drawing.
    -Attention, Intelligence, communication.
    What is the first step in deciding whether a composition is visually balanced?
    Using tape.
    Name three aspects that help determine the visual weight of a drawn object.
    Measuring it out, The way it looks, If it all fits together.
    Why is asymmetrical balance more visually pleasing than symmetrical balance?
    -Because it is more balanced
    What should you do to ensure that the complex objects you draw don’t turn out lopsided? - measure

    ReplyDelete
  53. Chapter 9
    Define drapery.
    -Artistic clothing
    What is the function of drapery in a still-life composition?
    -Drawing something that is drapery.
    Which of the basic shapes is created by hanging fabric that has not been creased?
    -A fabric triangular shape.
    Which of the basic shapes is created by creased fabric?
    Like a fabric like shape
    What is the recommended way to begin a drawing of a dark piece of drapery, after establishing the basic shape of the piece of fabric as a whole?
    -Highlighting it.
    How can you tell if the texture of the fabric you’re looking at is reflective?
    -By the shade of it.
    At what point in your drawing should you render any pattern in the fabric?
    -From the sides

    ReplyDelete
  54. Chapter11
    What is the first step in drawing an object made of glass or other transparent material?
    -Visualize what you see as shapes
    What is the effect of the curvature of a glass surface on the appearance of objects seen from behind the glass?
    -That its lighter.
    In addition to being able to see the objects behind a glass object, what else can you see in a glass vessel such as a wineglass that you would not be able to see in a glass made of an opaque material such as metal?
    -You are able to see through the glass
    How is the surface of glass like and unlike the surface of polished metal?
    -The surface of glass and metal are smoothe. Metal is dark glass is clear. Glass can be scratched easily.
    What should you do differently when you are drawing colored glass from when you are drawing clear glass?
    -Add color to your color glass and add shading your clear glass.
    What is the effect of a clear liquid such as water on objects seen through it?
    -That it won't show.
    How is a nearly opaque liquid such as milk different from a clear liquid such as water?
    -It has more color to it.

    ReplyDelete
  55. Chapter 8
    Define composition in still-life drawing.
    Name the three basic principles of composition described in this chapter.
    Why is it important to place the objects in a still-life composition close together?
    What is an implied line?
    Name three ways to establish a particular object as the focal point of your drawing.
    What is the first step in deciding whether a composition is visually balanced?
    Name three aspects that help determine the visual weight of a drawn object.
    Why is asymmetrical balance more visually pleasing than symmetrical balance?
    What should you do to ensure that the complex objects you draw don’t turn out lopsided?

    Overall arrangement and organization of the visual elements of your drawing on its two dimensional surface
    Unity, focal point, visual balance
    The viewer must see the whole first and then every individual object
    when the artist lifts the pen or pencil from the paper, continuing its direction of travel, and then applies pressure again and continues in the same direction. Across the gap in the line is the 'implied line’
    Shape, color, size
    Arrange objects symetric or asymetric
    Values, rage, size
    It’s balanced by visual weight
    Determine accurate symmetry

    ReplyDelete
  56. Chapter 9
    Define drapery.
    What is the function of drapery in a still-life composition?
    Which of the basic shapes is created by hanging fabric that has not been creased?
    Which of the basic shapes is created by creased fabric?
    What is the recommended way to begin a drawing of a dark piece of drapery, after establishing the basic shape of the piece of fabric as a whole?
    How can you tell if the texture of the fabric you’re looking at is reflective?
    At what point in your drawing should you render any pattern in the fabric?

    Anything that hangs freely from a point at the top
    Compositional piece
    A curved surface like a cylinder
    square / crease
    Block in the tones
    If it has strong glares
    After the shapes and folds

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  57. Chapter 10
    Detail
    A dull surface will be more spread out, shiny will be more of a glare
    They get distorted, squished
    To know what to render in the reflected surface
    flares
    Not overworking it
    The light from reflected objects will always be darker

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  58. Chapter11
    What is the first step in drawing an object made of glass or other transparent material?
    What is the effect of the curvature of a glass surface on the appearance of objects seen from behind the glass?
    In addition to being able to see the objects behind a glass object, what else can you see in a glass vessel such as a wineglass that you would not be able to see in a glass made of an opaque material such as metal?
    How is the surface of glass like and unlike the surface of polished metal?
    What should you do differently when you are drawing colored glass from when you are drawing clear glass?
    What is the effect of a clear liquid such as water on objects seen through it?
    How is a nearly opaque liquid such as milk different from a clear liquid such as water?

    Simplify the shapes
    Distorts the surface of the behind object, at the edges
    Reflections from the scene surrounding the glass
    It reflects and distorts the look of objects, but is also transparent where metal is not
    Render the value of the “local color”
    Can both magnify and distort objects look
    You don't see objects behind it

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  59. Chapter 12
    The material you use to make the scene
    Charcoal, pencil, and paint
    The surface texture of drawing paper
    Outline where linear shading will appear
    On toned the darks are darker and the highlights need to be drawn in
    Baked in a kiln, and mixed with clay and water

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  60. Chapter 13
    Cylinders
    Eight
    Waist
    Rectangle, cylindrical
    Drawing the object to appear like it’s coming at the viewer
    Imaginary position lines
    Framing device, hands or paper
    The sun is moving
    An area of focus

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  61. Chapter11
    What is the first step in drawing an object made of glass or other transparent material?
    -Visualize what you see as shapes
    What is the effect of the curvature of a glass surface on the appearance of objects seen from behind the glass?
    -That its lighter.
    In addition to being able to see the objects behind a glass object, what else can you see in a glass vessel such as a wineglass that you would not be able to see in a glass made of an opaque material such as metal?
    -You are able to see through the glass
    How is the surface of glass like and unlike the surface of polished metal?
    -The surface of glass and metal are smoothe. Metal is dark glass is clear. Glass can be scratched easily.
    What should you do differently when you are drawing colored glass from when you are drawing clear glass?
    -Add color to your color glass and add shading your clear glass.
    What is the effect of a clear liquid such as water on objects seen through it?
    -That it won't show.
    How is a nearly opaque liquid such as milk different from a clear liquid such as water?
    -It has more color to it.

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  62. Chapter 13
    Which of the four basic shapes predominates in the human figure?
    -Oval
    -Circle
    -Square
    -Triangle
    How many heads high is the average or ideal human figure when standing?
    -?
    What is the midpoint of the average human figure when standing?
    -Where there stomach would be
    What are the two basic shapes found in the hands and feet?
    -Oval and circles
    What is foreshortening?
    Show a object as closer as it is.
    In addition to knowledge of the ideal proportions of the head, what techniques are used to capture an accurate likeness?
    -The detail
    What tools can you use to frame your landscape picture in order to block out the areas you don’t want to draw?
    -By measuring it and making sure it all fits.
    Why must you work quickly to block in shadow areas when working outdoors?
    -Because the sun will change or there might be a cloud.
    What is the effect of including richly detailed texture in an area of your drawing?
    -Using a lot of shading and colors.

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  63. Chapter 3
    What is the best way to see values accurately?
    -Value scale can give you calibrating grays from white to black.
    What is meant by “local color”? Give an example.
    - In a black and white drawing each local color has a value expressed in a grey tone.
    What is the first thing you should do when beginning the tonal stage of drawing?
    Give two reasons for blocking in tones early in the drawing process.
    -You start at the tonal part of a drawing, the white of the paper, the darkest black you can make.
    How is the sphere unique among the basic shapes?
    -It's the only shape that is not affected by your eye level.
    Describe a method for drawing a circle freehand.
    -Draw a circle lightly, and then fine your initial shape, going over the outline a couple times until you get a shape that is round and not oval.
    What part of a sphere is closest to the viewer’s eye?
    -The center.
    What is the shape of the cast shadow of a sphere?
    -Ellipse, the height and its angle of the light source show the shape of the shadow.

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